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Objective To study the motion and deformation of red blood cells ( RBCs) with different mechanical properties in capillaries,and make analysis on the associated hemorheological parameters. Methods The RBC was modeled as a hyper elastic membrane using Skalak model. The fluid was solved using a two-order difference scheme with the membrane mechanics treated by the immersed method. The pathological viscosity ratio λ= 5 was considered. Results The steady deformation of RBCs with different membrane stiffness in the capillary was obtained. With membrane stiffness increasing, the cell transformed from axisymmetric shapes to non-axisymmetric shapes. With capillary number increasing, the deformability of RBCs weakened and the flow resistance increased. Conclusions With stiffening of cell membrane, the non-axisymmetric cell shape appears and the flow resistance increases. Therefore, in diseases involved stiffening RBCs, the stiffened RBCs can cause the blockage of capillaries and hypoxia in surrounding tissues.
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【Objective】 To investigate the efficacy of the adjustable "paper clip" techniques in the suture of dorsal vein complex (DVC) and retention of urethral function in robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALRP). 【Methods】 A total of 30 cases of prostate cancer treated with RALRP were enrolled, all of which used the adjustable "paper clip" techniques. During operation, the DVC was sewed with barbed suture, and then a reverse suture was made through two sides of the prostatic ligaments. A Hem-o-lock was used to fasten the suture, which would be flexible to control the degree of tightness for the ligature. Perioperative and follow-up data of urinary continence and symptoms were collected and analyzed. 【Results】 All operations were successful. The estimated blood loss was (123.3±80.7) mL, 53.6% patients recovered continence in 1 month, and the continence rate increased to 92.9% and 96.3% at month 3 and 6. 92.9 of patients had no risk of incontinence 3 months after surgery. 【Conclusion】 The adjustable "paper clip" techniques have advantages in reducing blood loss, maintaining clear surgical field, preserving urethral function, and improving urinary continence.
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Objective:To analyze the growth velocity and influencing factors of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog (GnRHa) in the treatment of idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP).Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted in 50 girls diagnosed with ICPP who received GnRHa treatment for 2 years in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from May 2016 to June 2017.The growth velocity, the time and frequency of the occurrence of deceleration were observed, and the growth velocity-related factors were analyzed.Results:The growth rate of children with ICPP before GnRHa treatment (GV 0) was (7.61±1.69)cm/year, and the growth velocity of children after GnRHa treatment for 1 year(GV 1) and 2 years(GV 2) were (6.72±1.93)cm/year and (5.65±1.44)cm/year, respectively, the differences was statistically significant(GV 0>GV 1>GV 2, F=38.261, P<0.01). The growth velocity decreased gradually after treatment.When the correlation analysis of growth velocity was carried out, it was found that the early bone age (BA-CA) was negatively correlated with the first year growth velocity (GV 1). However, bone age, basal value of LH and peak value of LH were negatively correlated with the growth velocity of the second year, with correlation coefficients of -0.283, -0.283 and -0.378 (all P<0.05). The peak value of LH ( P<0.01) was significantly correlated with the growth velocity of the second year (GV 2), but GV 2 was not correlated with the age of first diagnosis, height, weight, ovarian volume and other factors. Conclusion:GnRHa in the treatment of ICPP patients, the growth velocity gradually decreased, while the patients with higher LH, older bone, are more likely to have excessive growth deceleration in the second year of treatment.
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Objective To investigate the associations between the single nucleotide polymorphisms of TERT rs2736098, CLK3 rs11543198 and bladder cancer. Methods 201 bladder cancer cases and 200 healthy controls were included in the research, and the genotypes of TERT rs2736098 and CLK3 rs11543198 were determined using the PCR-RFLP method. Relationship between genotypes and bladder cancer risks was investigated. Results There were statistical significance in the rs2736098 genotype frequencies and allele frequencies between cases and controls (χ2= 6.973, P = 0.031; χ2= 7.412, P = 0.006). Compared with the individuals with the GG genotype , the risk of bladder cancer increased 2.069 times with the AA genotype (OR = 2.069, 95%CI: 1.181-3.624, P = 0.011). And there were no significant associations between the rs11543198 genotype frequencies and allele frequencies between cases and controls (χ2 = 0.202, P = 0.904; χ2 = 0.188, P = 0.665). Rs2736098 and rs11543198 genotype distribution in bladder cancer pathologic grade and stage had no statistical significance (P > 0.05). Conclusion Rs2736098 polymorphism is associated with risk of bladder cancer and rs11543198 polymorphism was not associated with risk of bladder cancer.
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Objective To investigate the risk factors and countermeasure of residual stones after single‐channel percutaneous nephrolithotomy for higher stone‐free rate and better operation result .Methods All patients who underwent single‐channel percu‐taneous nephrolithotomy in our hospital from June 2011 to December 2013 were retrospected and the cause of residual stones were analyzed .Results There were 42 patients who had residual stones after operation among total 262 patients undergone single‐chan‐nel PCNL .21 patients had residual stones because the stones they burdened were too complex .7 patients were concerned with com‐plications such as intraoperative hemorrhage .The stone fragments scattered into the calices in 7 patients with overlarge stone during fragmentation .The other causes concerned with stone residue included anatomic structural abnormalities of the kidneys(3 patients) , operation itself inherent limitations(3 patients) ,insufficient practice and experience in operation(1 patients) .Conclusion The main causes concerned with residual stones of single‐channel PCNL are complexity of urinary calculi ,bleeding ,scattering of stone frag‐ments and anatomic structural abnormalities of the kidney .
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Objective To analyze the proportion of incidence of etiological agents in 133 cases with constitutional delayed puberty.Methods Clinical data of etiological agents in 133 patients with constitutional delayed puberty were retrospectively analyzed.Results Etiological agents in 133 cases with constitutional delayed puberty were as follows:Hypo-gonadotrophic hormone group(56.39%,n=75):39 cases with unknown reason(idiopathy,3 cases were female),intrapartum asphyxia/hypoxia or hemorrhage(n=23),pituitary glands dysplasia(n=6),cephal trauma(n=3),postoperative craniopharyngioma(n=2),empty sella turciea(n=2),combined hormone deficiency(n=59).Hyper-gonadotrophic hormone group(17.29%,n=23):17 cases with chromosomal disorders(n=17,male:female=7:16),3 cases with unknown reason(idiopathy).31 cases with constitutional delayed puberty(23.31%),4 cases with functional delayed puberty(3.01%).Conclusion Many etiological agents could result in delayed puberty,different origins of delayed puberty had different therapies.Classification of etiological agents in patients with constitutional delayed puberty phyed an important role in guiding option of clnical treatment.
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BACKGROUND: Acellular amniotic membrane used widely in treating ocular surface disease as well as extensive burn wounds due to its low antigenicity and excellent histocompatibility. However, it is poorly understood whether it can be used in repairing urethral defects.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate role and the feasibility of human acellular amniotic membrane (HAAM) in the rabbit urethral reconstruction.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The randomized control experiment of animals was performed at the Laboratory Center of Guangxi Medical University between April and June 2007.MATERIALS: Thirty-two New Zealand rabbits were supplied by animal center of Guangxi Medical University. The human HAAM was obtained from Department of Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University.METHODS: HAAM was prepared by detergent-enzymatic approach. Firstly, the fresh amniotic membrane was protected with cross linking of 1% formaldehyde- 0.2% glutaral, digested with 0.125% trypsogen- 0.05 mol/L EDTA, followed by washing with 0.5% Triton X-100. Totally 32 New Zealand male rabbits were assigned into 3 groups: experimental group (n=12), control group (n=12) and sham operation group (n=8). Rabbits were prepared for urethral defects models in the experimental and control groups, which were repaired with HAAM or anastomosised directly. There was no urethral operation in the sham operation group.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The growth of epithelial cells and smooth muscle cells, as well as inflammatory cell infiltration was observed by histopathologic examination at days 10, 21 and 42 after operation. The urethral pressure changes and urinary bladder was examined by retrograde urethrography at day 42 after operation.RESULTS: ①The prepared HAAM was translucent, there was no residual cells or fragments. ②The pathological section examination showed that in the experimental group, some epithelial cells has grown without acute rejection at day 10 after operation, and several layers of urothelium covered HAAM at day 21 with reduced inflammatory cell infiltration. At day 42, a sprinkle of smooth muscle grew in HAAM with few inflammatory cells. Urodynamic studies indicated that there were no significant difference among 3 groups in the bladder volume, maximum urethral pressure and minimum urethral pressure (P > 0.05). The weight of bladder had obvious difference between the sham operation and control groups (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: HAAM is an ideal biomaterial with well histocompatibility, biocompatibility and low antigenicity. HAAM is a good choice for urethral reconstruction.
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Objective:To observe the change of the oxygen free radical and antioxygen level that existed in cavernous body of penis of diabetus mellitus(DM) rat with erection dysfunction(ED),and observe the morphology change on the electron microscope to probe into the nosogenesis of DMED. Methods:To make the DMED model on rat by streptozotocin,breed for 12 weeks after it,then to determin the indexes about oxygen free radical and antioxygen level and ultrastructure of cavernous smooth muscle after anesthetize. Results:The level of oxygen free radical increased and antioxygen decreased,the blood capillary thrombogenesised,the chondriosome swelled and distend,the desmocyte activated,the nerve fiber medullary sheath degenerated,all those were observed in the DMED group,and had significant different with control group. Conclusion:The change of ultrastructure occurred in DMED rat induced by the oxygen free radical damage and decrease of antioxygen level,it has associativity with the aggravation of smooth muscle endodermis,the blood vessel endothelium,the nerve fiber and the chondriosome,it's ONE OF the nosogenesis of DMED.And it suggested to use oxygen free radical scavenger may be relieve the change of ultrastructure and ED,it may be supply anthoer therapy pathway for DMED.
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Objective:To discuss the operative procedure and clinical therapeutic efficacy of urethrostenosis treatment by ureteroscope combined with self-made urethral sound.Methods:4F ureteral catheter or Teflon paintcoat guidewire was passed through narrow section to bladder.the self-made,midheaven and ringent anterior urethral sound was inserted into by the ureteral catheter or Teflon paintcoat guidewire to expand that 14F ureteral catheter for drainge under F9.8 ureteroscope and sacral anesthesia.Results:All cases could be detained with 22F ureteral catheter and voided well afert 1 month of treatmeat,no relapse cases were observed after 1year follow-up.Conclusion:It is an micro-traumatic,quick healing with shorter hospitalization and effective method to treat urethrostenosis by ureteroscope combined with urethral sound.